This report examines key judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) concerning women’s rights, particularly those relating to reproductive rights and domestic violence. The ECtHR is the judicial organ of the Council of Europe responsible for upholding human rights as outlined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The Court has the interpretative authority of the ECHR and has the competence to issue binding decisions for the Council of Europe’s 46 member states, which are incorporated into domestic laws and regulations. The ECtHR’s legal precedents are frequently referenced by other regional tribunals, treaty-monitoring bodies, and domestic courts, making it a crucial platform for shaping interpretations of human rights legislation. The report highlights the challenges faced by the Court in terms of reproductive and abortion rights, focusing on two important cases, Tysiac v. Poland (2007) and A, B & C v. Ireland (2010). The report also focuses on the challenges faced by the ECtHR pertaining to domestic violence in light of three particular cases, Kurt v. Austria (2019), Y and Others v. Bulgaria (2022), and Landi v. Italy (2022).