Indigenous peoples are entitled to individual and collective rights, including the rights over their ancestral lands, as outlined in international and regional instruments like the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The forced eviction of the Ogiek ethnic group from the Mau Forest by the Kenyan government exemplifies the challenges faced by indigenous communities worldwide. The African Court’s judgement emphasized the right to self-identification and self-determination as fundamental principles for the protection of indigenous rights, ruling in favor of pecuniary and non-pecuniary compensation to address the structural discrimination faced by the Ogiek group.