Brazil and Colombia experienced multiple human rights violations in January 2021, disproportionately affecting indigenous people and marginalized groups. Threats, attacks, and a lack of government protection have increased vulnerability, with violence against women, prisoners, and climate activists. The report aims to raise awareness about these violations and calls for constructive policy change in Brazil and Colombia. The indigenous and black communities, who suffered the most during Brazil’s colonial past, are most vulnerable to these violations. Police violence disproportionately affects the black community, with 80% of victims being black. The Amazon rainforest has also impacted indigenous communities, with deforestation increasing and invasions increasing. The Brazilian government’s negligence in fighting the coronavirus crisis has led to claims of genocide and calls for constructive policy change. The report urges national and international bodies to take action and address these violations.