Bangladesh’s Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition have pledged to create a peaceful, inclusive society, but the country’s religious, ethnic, and sexual minorities remain vulnerable to violence, discrimination, and intimidation due to a contradictory constitutional combination of secularism and Islam as the state religion. This is exacerbated by flawed legal procedures, corruption, poverty, illiteracy, and traditional practices. In 2011–2012, indigenous peoples, Hindus, Buddhists, and other minorities faced violations of their rights and property seized by land grabbers, extremists, and political leaders. The largest attacks against Buddhist communities in recent history have raised concerns about the security and rights of minorities in Bangladesh. Global Human Rights Defence (ghrd) has monitored human rights for religious and ethnic minorities in Bangladesh since 2003 and has recently expanded its target groups to include sexual minorities. The reinstallation of a caretaker government to oversee national elections scheduled for 2013 remains a crucial political issue.