Guatemala’s judicial system has been targeting indigenous human rights defenders, with at least 881 arrest warrants issued since October 2020. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) reported that Guatemala has been misusing its criminal law against these defenders, claiming rights for their lands and communities. The most recent case involved Bernardo Caal Xol, an indigenous human rights defender and leader of the Maya Q’eqchi indigenous community, who was unlawfully sentenced to seven years and four months in prison. The international community has pressured Guatemala’s authorities to ensure Caal Xol’s release, but he remains unlawfully imprisoned in inhumane conditions. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) has raised concerns over Guatemala’s jurisprudence concerning indigenous human rights defenders, and the European Union has requested the EU Delegation to observe the judicial proceedings and Caal Xol’s condition in prison.