In 2012, Pakistan experienced increased sectarian violence, political instability, and the influence of terrorist groups, leading to a culture of extremism. The lack of rule of law, police corruption, impunity, and state tolerance of persecution at all levels of authority contributed to concerns about minority rights. Blasphemy laws were used to target religious minorities, with poorly drafted legislation allowing police and individuals to abuse the laws. Abductions, forced marriages, and forced conversions continued to place minority girls in danger, and the migration of Hindus seeking refuge across the border in India exemplified the severity of the situation for minorities. Human rights groups have called 2012 a ‘deadly year for Shias’, with estimates of over 300 Shias killed during the year. Top-down discrimination in the Constitution, laws, and education curriculum, combined with a lack of investigation and prosecution of hate crimes, has left religious minority groups unprotected and effectively second-class citizens. The government’s overly optimistic picture of progress has only increased concern for minorities living in Pakistan, with the government failing to acknowledge many of the human rights challenges they face nor provide a concrete plan of action for protecting them.