The case against Nigeria highlights numerous human rights abuses, particularly violations of the right to housing, family, property, a clean environment, and health, stemming from the government’s neglect of impacted communities and failure to address environmental degradation caused by oil firms in Ogoniland. This case underscores the importance of upholding progressive realization of economic, social, and cultural rights, the state’s duty to protect human rights, and recent affirmations of the right to a healthy environment by the UN General Assembly, urging nations to prioritize defending this fundamental human right.